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THE ARTICLEHIV virus a step ahead of body’s defencesA group of American and British scientists have discovered that the HIV virus is cleverer than they thought. Their research found the virus adapts very quickly to keep a step ahead of the body’s immune system. Their conclusions make it very clear that finding a vaccine is a huge challenge. One of the reasons for this is because the virus has many faces. The researchers believe the virus creates 14 different “escape routes” when it is attacked. This means the virus can adapt itself quickly and easily to beat any vaccine. Professor Philip Goulder of Oxford University calls this “high speed evolution”. He says: "Even in the short time that HIV has been in the human population, it is doing an effective job of evading our best efforts."
The research team analyzed data from more than 2,800 HIV-infected patients across five continents. They found the virus is adapting differently with different races. This makes the virus similar to separate armies, all adapting to their different environments. It is possible every HIV-infected person might need his or her own unique vaccine. American researcher Dr. Richard Kaslow warned “the challenge ahead in vaccine design is formidable”. Another American, Dr. Bruce Walker, said: “It's very clear there’s a battle going on between humans and this virus, and the virus is evolving to become unrecognized by the immune system." HIV has killed 25 million people worldwide. An estimated 33 million currently live with the virus.
WARM-UPS1. VIRUSES: Walk around the class and talk to other students about viruses. Change partners often. After you finish, sit with your partner(s) and share your findings. 2. CHAT: In pairs / groups, decide which of these topics or words from the article are most interesting and which are most boring.
Have a chat about the topics you liked. Change topics and partners frequently. 3. KILLERS: How can we stop the world’s major killers? Talk about solutions with your partner(s). Change partners and share what you wrote.
4. VACCINE: Students A strongly believe scientists will never find a vaccine for HIV; Students B strongly believe scientists will find a vaccine one day. Change partners again and talk about your conversations. 5. HUGE CHALLENGES: Rank the following into which is the biggest challenge for the world. Talk about your rankings with your partner(s). Change partners.
6. IMMUNE: Spend one minute writing down all of the different words you associate with the word ‘immune’. Share your words with your partner(s) and talk about them. Together, put the words into different categories. BEFORE READING / LISTENING1. TRUE / FALSE: Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F):
2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article:
3. PHRASE MATCH: Match the following phrases from the article (sometimes more than one. combination is possible):
WHILE READING / LISTENINGGAP FILL: Put the words into the gaps in the text.
LISTENING: Listen and fill in the spaces.A group of American and British scientists have discovered ______________ is cleverer than they thought. Their research found the virus adapts very quickly ______________ ahead of the body’s immune system. Their conclusions make it very clear that ________________ is a huge challenge. One of the reasons for this is because the virus has many faces. The researchers believe _______________ 14 different “escape routes” when it is attacked. This means the virus can adapt itself quickly and ______________ any vaccine. Professor Philip Goulder of Oxford University calls this “high speed evolution”. He says: "Even in the short time that HIV has been in the human population, it is doing ________________ evading our best efforts." The research team analyzed data ______________ 2,800 HIV-infected patients across five continents. They found the virus is adapting differently with different races. This makes the ______________ separate armies, all adapting to their different environments. It is possible every HIV-infected person might need ______________ unique vaccine. American researcher Dr. Richard Kaslow warned “the challenge ahead in ______________ formidable”. Another American, Dr. Bruce Walker, said: “It's very clear ______________ going on between humans and this virus, and the virus is evolving to become unrecognized by the immune system." HIV has killed 25 million people worldwide. An estimated 33 million ________________ the virus. AFTER READING / LISTENING1. WORD SEARCH: Look in your dictionaries / computer to find collocates, other meanings, information, synonyms … for the words ‘step’ and ‘ahead’.
2. ARTICLE QUESTIONS: Look back at the article and write down some questions you would like to ask the class about the text.
3. GAP FILL: In pairs / groups, compare your answers to this exercise. Check your answers. Talk about the words from the activity. Were they new, interesting, worth learning…? 4. VOCABULARY: Circle any words you do not understand. In groups, pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings. 5. TEST EACH OTHER: Look at the words below. With your partner, try to recall how they were used in the text:
STUDENT VIRUS SURVEYWrite five GOOD questions about viruses in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers.
VIRUSES DISCUSSIONSTUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
LANGUAGEA group of American and British scientists have (1) ____ that the HIV virus is cleverer than they thought. Their research found the virus adapts very (2) ____ to keep a step ahead of the body’s immune system. Their conclusions make it very (3) ____ that finding a vaccine is a huge challenge. One of (4) ____ reasons for this is because the virus has many faces. The researchers believe the virus creates 14 different “escape routes” when it is attacked. This means the virus can adapt itself quickly and easily to beat (5) ____ vaccine. Professor Philip Goulder of Oxford University calls this “high speed evolution”. He says: "Even in the short time that HIV has been in the human population, it is doing an effective job (6) ____ evading our best efforts." The research team analyzed data from more than 2,800 HIV-infected patients (7) ____ five continents. They found the virus is adapting differently with different races. This makes the virus similar (8) ____ separate armies, all adapting to their different environments. It is possible every HIV-infected person might need his or her (9) ____ unique vaccine. American researcher Dr. Richard Kaslow warned “the challenge (10) ____ in vaccine design is formidable”. Another American, Dr. Bruce Walker, said: “It's very clear there’s a battle going (11) ____ between humans and this virus, and the virus is evolving to become unrecognized by the immune system." HIV has killed 25 million people worldwide. An estimated 33 million currently (12) ____ with the virus. Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
WRITING:Write about viruses for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ HOMEWORK1. VOCABULARY EXTENSION: Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations of each word. 2. INTERNET: Search the Internet and find out more about HIV and AIDS. Share what you discover with your partner(s) in the next lesson. 3. VIRUSES: Make a poster about different viruses around the world. How do they affect people and societies? Show your work to your classmates in the next lesson. Did you all have similar things? 4. HIV: Write a magazine article about a possible HIV vaccine. Include imaginary interviews with a doctor who believes more money is needed and a government leader who doesn’t want to give a lot of money. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Write down any new words and expressions you hear from your partner(s). 5. LETTER: Write a letter to the researchers. Ask them three questions about HIV. Tell them three things the world needs to do to help them. Read your letter to your partner(s) in your next lesson. Your partner(s) will answer your questions. ANSWERSTRUE / FALSE:
SYNONYM MATCH:
PHRASE MATCH:
GAP FILL: HIV virus a step ahead of body’s defencesA group of American and British scientists have discovered that the HIV virus is cleverer than they thought. Their research found the virus adapts very quickly to keep a step ahead of the body’s immune system. Their conclusions make it very clear that finding a vaccine is a huge challenge. One of the reasons for this is because the virus has many faces. The researchers believe the virus creates 14 different “escape routes” when it is attacked. This means the virus can adapt itself quickly and easily to beat any vaccine. Professor Philip Goulder of Oxford University calls this “high speed evolution”. He says: "Even in the short time that HIV has been in the human population, it is doing an effective job of evading our best efforts." The research team analyzed data from more than 2,800 HIV-infected patients across five continents. They found the virus is adapting differently with different races. This makes the virus similar to separate armies, all adapting to their different environments. It is possible every HIV-infected person might need his or her own unique vaccine. American researcher Dr. Richard Kaslow warned “the challenge ahead in vaccine design is formidable”. Another American, Dr. Bruce Walker, said: “It's very clear there’s a battle going on between humans and this virus, and the virus is evolving to become unrecognized by the immune system." HIV has killed 25 million people worldwide. An estimated 33 million currently live with the virus. LANGUAGE WORK
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