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An economics professor has said English speakers may be poorer because of English grammar. Dr Keith Chen of Yale University suggested that differences in the tenses of the world's languages may explain why people in some countries save more money than people in other countries. He told people at a presentation that the future tense in English could actually make people believe the future is not important now. He said English speakers might think the future is separate from the present, and that this may make people not think about their future. He explained this could stop people saving money for their retirement. He also suggested future tenses may make people smoke more and exercise less.
Professor Chen divided the grammar of countries into two – those with a "strong future-time reference" and those with a weak reference. He explained: "If I wanted to explain to an English-speaking colleague why I can't attend a meeting later today, I could not say 'I go to a seminar'. English grammar would [require] me to say 'I will go, am going, or have to go to a seminar'". He contrasted this with "weak future-time reference" languages" that can express the same meaning without future words like "will". Chen says speakers of these languages are those who save more money. He believes this could be because they do not separate the present time and future in their grammar or in real life. Sources: WARM-UPS 1. SPEAKING ENGLISH: Walk around the class and talk to other students about speaking English. Change partners often and share your findings. 2. CHAT: In pairs / groups, decide which of these topics or words from the article are most interesting and which are most boring.
Have a chat about the topics you liked. Change topics and partners frequently. 3. ENGLISH: What's good and bad about it? Complete this table with your partner(s). Change partners often and share what you wrote.
4. GRAMMAR: Students A strongly believe grammar isn't difficult; Students B strongly believe it is. Change partners again and talk about your conversations. 5. FUTURE: What's best about it? Rank these and share your rankings with your partner. Put the best at the top. Change partners often and share your rankings.
6. TENSE: Spend one minute writing down all of the different words you associate with the word 'tense'. Share your words with your partner(s) and talk about them. Together, put the words into different categories. BEFORE READING / LISTENING 1. TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if a-h below are true (T) or false (F).
2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article.
3. PHRASE MATCH: (Sometimes more than one choice is possible.)
GAP FILL
LISTENING - Guess the answers. Listen to check.
LISTENING – Listen and fill in the gaps An economics professor has said English speakers (1) _________________ of English grammar. Dr Keith Chen of Yale University suggested that differences (2) ___________________ languages may explain why people in some countries save more money than people in other countries. He told people at a presentation (3) __________________ in English could actually make people believe the future is not important now. He said English speakers might think the (4) ___________________ from the present, and that this may make people not think about their future. He explained this could stop people (5) ___________________ their retirement. He also suggested future tenses may make people (6) ___________________ less. Professor Chen (7) _________________ of countries into two – those with a "strong future-time reference" (8) _________________ weak reference. He explained: "If I wanted to explain to an English-speaking colleague why I can't attend a (9) _________________, I could not say 'I go to a seminar'. English grammar would (10) ___________________ 'I will go, am going, or have to go to a seminar'". He contrasted this with "weak future-time reference" languages" (11) __________________ same meaning without future words like "will". Chen says speakers of these languages are those who save more money. He believes this could be because they do not separate the present time and future in their (12) ___________________. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE - QUIZ
ROLE PLAY
AFTER READING / LISTENING 1. WORD SEARCH: Look in your dictionary / computer to find collocates, other meanings, information, synonyms … for the words 'present' and 'future'.
2. ARTICLE QUESTIONS: Look back at the article and write down some questions you would like to ask the class about the text.
3. GAP FILL: In pairs / groups, compare your answers to this exercise. Check your answers. Talk about the words from the activity. Were they new, interesting, worth learning…? 4. VOCABULARY: Circle any words you do not understand. In groups, pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings. 5. TEST EACH OTHER: Look at the words below. With your partner, try to recall how they were used in the text:
SPEAKING ENGLISH SURVEY Write five GOOD questions about speaking English in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers.
SPEAKING ENGLISH DISCUSSION STUDENT A's QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUDENT B's QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
DISCUSSION (Write your own questions)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MULTIPLE CHOICE - LANGUAGE An economics professor has said English speakers may be (1) ____ because of English grammar. Dr Keith Chen of Yale University suggested that differences (2) ____ the tenses of the world's languages may explain why people in some countries (3) ____ more money than people in other countries. He told people at a presentation that the future tense in English could (4) ____ make people believe the future is not important now. He said English speakers might think the future is separate (5) ____ the present, and that this may make people not think about their future. He explained this could stop people saving money for their retirement. He also suggested future tenses may make people smoke (6) ____ and exercise less. Professor Chen (7) ____ the grammar of countries into two – those with a "strong future-time reference" and (8) ____ with a weak reference. He explained: "If I wanted to explain to an English-speaking colleague why I can't attend a meeting later today, I could not say 'I go to a seminar'. English grammar (9) ____ [require] me to say 'I will go, am going, or have to go to a seminar'". He contrasted this with "weak future-time reference" languages" that can (10) ____ the same meaning without future words like "will". Chen says speakers of these languages are (11) ____ who save more money. He believes this could be because they do not separate the present time and future in their grammar or in (12) ____ life. Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
SPELLING
PUT THE TEXT BACK TOGETHER Number these lines in the correct order.
PUT THE WORDS IN THE RIGHT ORDER
CIRCLE THE CORRECT WORD (20 PAIRS) An economics / economical professor has said English speakers may be poorer / proper because of English grammar. Dr Keith Chen of Yale University suggested that differences / different in the tenses of the world's languages may explain why people in same / some countries save more money than people in other / others countries. He told people at a presentation that the future tents / tense in English could actually make people believe the future is not / now important now. He said English speakers might think the future is separately / separate from the present, and that this may make people not think about them / their future. He explained this could stop people saving money for their retirement. He also suggested future tenses may make / take people smoke more and exercise less. Professor Chen divided / division the grammar of countries into two – those with a "strong future-time reference" and those with a week / weak reference. He explained: "If I wanted to explanation / explain to an English-speaking college / colleague why I can't attend a meeting later / earlier today, I could not say 'I go to a seminar'. English grammar shall / would [require] me to say 'I will going / go, am going, or have to go to a seminar'". He contrasted this with "weak future-time reference" languages" that can express / expression the same meaning without future words like "will". Chen says speakers of these languages are them / those who save more money. He believes this could be because they do not separate the present time and future in their grammar or in really / real life. Talk about the connection between each pair of words in italics, and why the correct word is correct. INSERT THE VOWELS (a, e, i, o, u) _n _c_n_m_cs pr_f_ss_r h_s s__d _ngl_sh sp__k_rs m_y b_ p__r_r b_c__s_ _f _ngl_sh gr_mm_r. Dr K__th Ch_n _f Y_l_ _n_v_rs_ty s_gg_st_d th_t d_ff_r_nc_s _n th_ t_ns_s _f th_ w_rld's l_ng__g_s m_y _xpl__n why p__pl_ _n s_m_ c__ntr__s s_v_ m_r_ m_n_y th_n p__pl_ _n _th_r c__ntr__s. H_ t_ld p__pl_ _t _ pr_s_nt_t__n th_t th_ f_t_r_ t_ns_ _n _ngl_sh c__ld _ct__lly m_k_ p__pl_ b_l__v_ th_ f_t_r_ _s n_t _mp_rt_nt n_w. H_ s__d _ngl_sh sp__k_rs m_ght th_nk th_ f_t_r_ _s s_p_r_t_ fr_m th_ pr_s_nt, _nd th_t th_s m_y m_k_ p__pl_ n_t th_nk _b__t th__r f_t_r_. H_ _xpl__n_d th_s c__ld st_p p__pl_ s_v_ng m_n_y f_r th__r r_t_r_m_nt. H_ _ls_ s_gg_st_d f_t_r_ t_ns_s m_y m_k_ p__pl_ sm_k_ m_r_ _nd _x_rc_s_ l_ss. Pr_f_ss_r Ch_n d_v_d_d th_ gr_mm_r _f c__ntr__s _nt_ tw_ – th_s_ w_th _ "str_ng f_t_r_-t_m_ r_f_r_nc_" _nd th_s_ w_th _ w__k r_f_r_nc_. H_ _xpl__n_d: "_f _ w_nt_d t_ _xpl__n t_ _n _ngl_sh-sp__k_ng c_ll__g__ why _ c_n't _tt_nd _ m__t_ng l_t_r t_d_y, _ c__ld n_t s_y '_ g_ t_ _ s_m_n_r'. _ngl_sh gr_mm_r w__ld [r_q__r_] m_ t_ s_y '_ w_ll g_, _m g__ng, _r h_v_ t_ g_ t_ _ s_m_n_r'". H_ c_ntr_st_d th_s w_th "w__k f_t_r_-t_m_ r_f_r_nc_" l_ng__g_s" th_t c_n _xpr_ss th_ s_m_ m__n_ng w_th__t f_t_r_ w_rds l_k_ "w_ll". Ch_n s_ys sp__k_rs _f th_s_ l_ng__g_s _r_ th_s_ wh_ s_v_ m_r_ m_n_y. H_ b_l__v_s th_s c__ld b_ b_c__s_ th_y d_ n_t s_p_r_t_ th_ pr_s_nt t_m_ _nd f_t_r_ _n th__r gr_mm_r _r _n r__l l_f_. PUNCTUATE THE TEXT AND ADD CAPITALS an economics professor has said english speakers may be poorer because of english grammar dr keith chen of yale university suggested that differences in the tenses of the world's languages may explain why people in some countries save more money than people in other countries he told people at a presentation that the future tense in english could actually make people believe the future is not important now he said english speakers might think the future is separate from the present and that this may make people not think about their future he explained this could stop people saving money for their retirement he also suggested future tenses may make people smoke more and exercise less professor chen divided the grammar of countries into two – those with a "strong future-time reference" and those with a weak reference he explained "if i wanted to explain to an english-speaking colleague why i can't attend a meeting later today i could not say 'i go to a seminar' english grammar would [require] me to say 'i will go am going or have to go to a seminar'" he contrasted this with "weak future-time reference" languages" that can express the same meaning without future words like "will" chen says speakers of these languages are those who save more money he believes this could be because they do not separate the present time and future in their grammar or in real life PUT A SLASH ( / ) WHERE THE SPACES ARE
FREE WRITING Write about speaking English for 10 minutes. Comment on your partner's paper. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ACADEMIC WRITING Speaking English will give you a better future with more money. Discuss. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ HOMEWORK 1. VOCABULARY EXTENSION: Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google's search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations of each word. 2. INTERNET: Search the Internet and find out more about how English can make you richer or poorer. Share what you discover with your partner(s) in the next lesson. 3. SPEAKING ENGLISH: Make a poster about speaking English. Show your work to your classmates in the next lesson. Did you all have similar things? 4. POORER: Write a magazine article about English making you poorer. Include imaginary interviews with people who agree and disagree. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Write down any new words and expressions you hear from your partner(s). 5. WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? Write a newspaper article about the next stage in this news story. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Give each other feedback on your articles. 6. LETTER: Write a letter to an economist. Ask him/her three questions about speaking English and if it makes people save less money. Give him/her three of your opinions. Read your letter to your partner(s) in your next lesson. Your partner(s) will answer your questions. ANSWERS TRUE / FALSE (p.4)
SYNONYM MATCH (p.4)
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS (p.8)
MULTIPLE CHOICE - QUIZ (p.9)
ALL OTHER EXERCISES Please check for yourself by looking at the Article on page 2. Help Support This Web Site
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