1. DOGS: Students walk around the class and talk to other students about dogs. Change partners often and share your findings.
                  2. CHAT: In pairs / groups, talk about these topics or words from the article. What will the article say about them? What can you say about these words and your life? 
                  
                    
                      |   | research   / develop / million / prey / landscape / habits / continent / planet / cooler   / analysed / elbows / species / evolutionary / change / function / long   distances / teeth  | 
                  
                  Have a chat about the topics you liked. Change topics and partners frequently.
                  3. CLIMATE CHANGE: How is it changing things on Earth? Complete this table with your partner(s). Change partners often and share what you wrote.
                  
                    
                      |   | Changes | How to cope with this | 
                    
                      | Weather |   |   | 
                    
                      | Animals |   |   | 
                    
                      | Disasters |   |   | 
                    
                      | Lifestyles |   |   | 
                    
                      | Water |   |   | 
                    
                      | Population |   |   | 
                  
                  4. CATS AND DOGS: Students A strongly believe dogs are better than cats; Students B strongly believe the opposite.  Change partners again and talk about your conversations.
        MY e-BOOK
         
        
       
5. ANIMALS: Rank these with your partner. Put the best ones at the top. Change partners often and share your rankings.
  
    |   • dog   • elephant   • bear   • snake |   • cat   • koala   • mouse   • cow | 
6. DOG: Spend one minute writing down all of the different words you associate with the word "dog". Share your words with your partner(s) and talk about them. Together, put the words into different categories.
                  
                    1. TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if  a-h  below are true (T) or false (F).
                    
                      
                        | a. | Research says climate change affected the   development of dogs. | T / F | 
                      
                        | b. | Forty million years ago dogs were more like cats. | T / F | 
                      
                        | c. | Dogs changed because more forests developed on   Earth. | T / F | 
                      
                        | d. | Dogs grew longer legs so they could   hunt. | T / F | 
                      
                        | e. | Scientists looked at the teeth of 32 million dogs. | T / F | 
                      
                        | f. | Dogs from the past had elbows similar to cats'   elbows. | T / F | 
                      
                        | g. | The changes in dogs' legs meant they could not run   as far. | T / F | 
                      
                        | h. | Dogs' teeth became   softer. | T / F | 
                    
                    2. SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following synonyms from the article.
                    
                      
                        | 1. | suggests | a. | lay in wait for | 
                      
                        | 2. | develop | b. | especially | 
                      
                        | 3. | ambushed | c. | rotate | 
                      
                        | 4. | dense | d. | evolve | 
                      
                        | 5. | emergence | e. | examined | 
                      
                        | 6. | analysed | f. | purpose | 
                      
                        | 7. | in particular | g. | indicates | 
                      
                        | 8. | function | h. | changed | 
                      
                        | 9. | swivel | i. | arrival | 
                      
                        | 10. | altered | j. | thick | 
                    
                    3. PHRASE MATCH:  (Sometimes more than one choice is possible.) 
                    
                      
                        | 1. | climate change helped dogs  | a. | ambush their   victims  | 
                      
                        | 2. | creatures   resembling  | b. | paws  | 
                      
                        | 3. | dogs were   smaller and  | c. | dogs have   evolved  | 
                      
                        | 4. | the planet   became  | d. | develop  | 
                      
                        | 5. | dogs had   fewer places to hide to  | e. | species  | 
                      
                        | 6. | The scientists analysed how  | f. | cooler  | 
                      
                        | 7. | 32 different  | g. | change  | 
                      
                        | 8. | indicators of evolutionary  | h. | cats  | 
                      
                        | 9. | front  | i. | wearing  | 
                      
                        | 10. | They became more hard- | j. | hunted like cats  | 
                    
 
        
          
            | New research suggests that climate change   helped dogs (1) ____________ from creatures (2)   ____________ cats to the way they are today. Researchers from Brown   University in the USA believe that 40 million years ago, dogs were smaller   and (3) ____________ like   cats. They hid, stalked and (4) ____________ their prey. As   climate change transformed Earth's landscape, the (5) ____________ and   food-gathering habits of dogs changed. Thick forests that once covered the   North American continent started to become less (6) ____________ as the   planet became cooler. The (7) ____________ of grassland meant dogs had fewer   places to hide to ambush their victims. To (8) ____________, they evolved   their hunting styles and slowly grew longer legs.   |   | physiquedevelop
 resembling
 emergence
 ambushed
 adapt
 hunted
 dense
 
 | 
          
            | The (9) ____________ analysed how dogs have   evolved by looking at the elbows and teeth of 32 different (10) ____________ that   lived between two million to 40 million years ago. The researchers said that   the dogs' elbows, in (11)   ____________, were good indicators of evolutionary change. Dogs from 40   million years ago had elbows that were more (12)   ____________ to those of cats. Their function was to allow the front paws to (13)   ____________ so they could grab and hold on to prey. Those elbows changed in   dogs to allow them to become (14) ____________ runners and thus be able to   pursue their prey over long distances. Teeth in dogs also altered to be more (15)   ____________. They became more (16) ____________ -wearing   to be able to hold on to prey. |   | similarscientists
 endurance
 particular
 hard
 species
 efficient
 swivel
 | 
        
 
          
             
               
                 | 1) | climate   change helped dogs develop from creatures resembling cats to ______ today | 
               
                 |   | a.  the way they wereb.  the way they have
 c.  the way they are
 d.  the way there are
 | 
               
                 | 2) | As climate change transformed   Earth's landscape, the physique and food-______ dogs changed | 
               
                 |   | a.  gathering habits ofb.  gathering habits off
 c.  gathering habit of
 d.  gathering habit off
 | 
               
                 | 3) | Thick forests that once covered   the North American continent started to ______ | 
               
                 |   | a.  become less tenseb.  become less dense
 c.  become less dents
 d.  become less dance
 | 
               
                 | 4) | The emergence of grassland meant   dogs had fewer places to hide to ______ | 
               
                 |   | a.  arm bush their victimsb.  and bush their victims
 c.  and brush their victims
 d.  ambush their victims
 | 
               
                 | 5) | To adapt, they evolved their   hunting styles and ______ legs | 
               
                 |   | a.  slowly grow longerb.  slowly grew longer
 c.  slowly grown longer
 d.  slowly grows longer
 | 
               
                 | 6) | The scientists analysed how dogs   have evolved by ______ | 
               
                 |   | a.  looking at the elbowsb.  looking at the elbow
 c.  looking in two elbows
 d.  looking in two elbows
 | 
               
                 | 7) | the dogs' elbows, in particular,   were good indicators of ______ | 
               
                 |   | a.  evolutionary changesb.  evolutionary changed
 c.  evolutionary change
 d.  evolutionary charge
 | 
               
                 | 8) | Those elbows changed in dogs to   allow them to become ______ | 
               
                 |   | a.  endurance runnersb.  enduring runners
 c.  insurance runners
 d.  entrance runners
 | 
               
                 | 9) | Teeth in dogs also altered to ______ | 
               
                 |   | a.  be more efficientlyb.  be more efficiency
 c.  be more efficient
 d.  be more coefficient
 | 
               
                 | 10) | They became more hard-wearing to   be able to ______ | 
               
                 |   | a.  hold on to prayb.  hold on too pray
 c.  holding on to prey
 d.  hold on to prey
 | 
             
             
             
             
             New research suggests (1) ___________________ helped dogs develop from creatures resembling cats to the way they are today. Researchers from Brown University in the USA believe that (2) ___________________, dogs were smaller and hunted like cats. They hid, stalked and ambushed their prey. As climate change transformed (3) ___________________, the physique and food-gathering habits of dogs changed. Thick forests that once covered the North American (4) ___________________ become less dense as the planet became cooler. The emergence of grassland meant dogs had fewer places (5) ___________________ their victims. To adapt, they evolved their hunting (6) ___________________  grew longer legs.
             The scientists analysed how dogs have (7) ___________________ the elbows and teeth of 32 (8) ___________________ that lived between two million to 40 million years ago. The researchers said that the dogs' elbows, in particular, were good indicators of (9) ___________________. Dogs from 40 million years ago had elbows that were more similar to those of cats. Their function was to allow (10) ___________________ swivel so they could grab and hold on to prey. Those elbows changed in dogs to allow them to become endurance runners and (11) ___________________ pursue their prey over long distances. Teeth in dogs also altered to be more efficient. They became more hard-wearing to be able (12) ___________________.
             
             
               
                 | 1. | What does research say caused the development in   dogs? | 
               
                 | 2. | How long   ago did dogs resemble cats? | 
               
                 | 3. | What   habits of dogs changed? | 
               
                 | 4. | What   became less dense in North America? | 
               
                 | 5. | What did   dogs grow to be able to hunt better? | 
               
                 | 6. | How many   different species of dog did scientists look at? | 
               
                 | 7. | What did   the scientists say dogs were good indicators of? | 
               
                 | 8. | What do   the elbows in cats allow them to do? | 
               
                 | 9. | What   could dogs do for a longer time after their elbows changed? | 
               
                 | 10. | What   part of a dog became harder wearing? | 
             
             
             
               
                 | 1.  | What does research say caused   the development in dogs? | 6.  | How many different species of   dog did scientists look at? | 
               
                 |   | a) dogs becoming petsb) climate change
 c) better dog food
 d) cats
 |   | a) 32b) 38
 c) 33
 d) 34
 | 
               
                 | 2.  | How long ago did dogs resemble cats? | 7.  | What did the scientists say dogs were good indicators of? | 
               
                 |   | a) 14 million years agob) 400,000,000 years ago
 c) 40 million years ago
 d) 140,000,000 years ago
 |   | a) revolutionary chargeb) pets
 c) dogs
 d) evolutionary change
 | 
               
                 | 3.  | What habits of dogs changed? | 8.  | What do the elbows in cats allow them to do? | 
               
                 |   | a) nocturnal habitsb) bad habits
 c) sleeping habits
 d) food-gathering habits
 |   | a) swipeb) swirl
 c) swivel
 d) swift
 | 
               
                 | 4.  | What became less dense in North America? | 9.  | What could dogs do for a longer time after their elbows changed? | 
               
                 |   | a) brainsb) forests
 c) fog
 d) smoke
 |   | a) barkb) eat
 c) sleep
 d) run
 | 
               
                 | 5.  | What did dogs grow to be able to hunt better? | 10.  | What part of a dog became harder wearing? | 
               
                 |   | a)   longer legsb) sharper teeth
 c) silkier hair
 d) wider paws
 |   | a)   furb) teeth
 c) paws
 d) collars
 | 
             
             
             
               
                 | Role  A – Dogs You think dogs are the most   interesting animals. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them why their animals   aren't so interesting. Also, tell the others which is the most boring of   these (and why): elephants, mice or snakes.  | 
               
                 | Role  B – Elephants You think elephants are the most   interesting animals. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them why their   animals aren't so interesting. Also, tell the others which is the most boring   of these (and why): dogs, mice or snakes.  | 
               
                 | Role  C – Mice You think mice are the most   interesting animals. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them why their   animals aren't so interesting. Also, tell the others which is the most boring   of these (and why): elephants, dogs or snakes.  | 
               
                 | Role  D – Snakes You think snakes are the most   interesting animals. Tell the others three reasons why. Tell them why their   animals aren't so interesting. Also, tell the others which is the most boring   of these (and why):  elephants, mice or   dogs.  | 
             
 
             
             1. WORD SEARCH: Look in your dictionary / computer to find collocates, other meanings, information, synonyms … for the words 'dogs' and 'cats'.
             
             
               - Share your findings with your      partners.
               - Make questions using the words you found. 
- Ask your partner / group your      questions.
2. ARTICLE QUESTIONS: Look back at the article and write down some questions you would like to ask the class about the text.
             
               - Share your questions with other classmates /      groups.
- Ask your partner / group your      questions.
3. GAP FILL: In pairs / groups, compare your answers to this exercise. Check your answers. Talk about the words from the activity. Were they new, interesting, worth learning…?
             4. VOCABULARY: Circle any words you do not understand. In groups, pool unknown words and use dictionaries to find their meanings.
             5. TEST EACH OTHER: Look at the words below. With your partner, try to recall how they were used in the text:
             
               
                 | 
                   newbelievehidhabitsmeantlonger | 
                   32particularfrontrunnersefficienthard | 
             
             
             
             
             Write five GOOD questions about dogs in the table. Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper.
             When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers.
             
               
                 |   | STUDENT 1 _____________  | STUDENT 2 _____________  | STUDENT 3 _____________  | 
               
                 | Q.1.   |   |   |   | 
               
                 | Q.2.   |   |   |   | 
               
                 | Q.3.   |   |   |   | 
               
                 | Q.4.   |   |   |   | 
               
                 | Q.5.    |   |   |   | 
             
             
               - Now return to your original partner and share and talk about what you found out. Change partners often.
               - Make mini-presentations to      other groups on your findings.
STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)
             
               
                 | 1) | What   did you think when you read the headline? | 
               
                 | 2) | What   springs to mind when you hear the word 'dog'? | 
               
                 | 3) | Which   are better- dogs or cats? Why? | 
               
                 | 4) | How   useful are dogs? | 
               
                 | 5) | What   do you think about what you read? | 
               
                 | 6) | How   has climate change transformed other animals? | 
               
                 | 7) | What   effect has climate change had on humans? | 
               
                 | 8) | How   do you think humans will be different in a million years from now? | 
               
                 | 9) | What   is the best kind of dog? | 
               
                 | 10) | How do dogs hunt? | 
             
             -----------------------------------------------------------------------------             
             STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)
             
               
                 | 11) | Did   you like reading this article? Why/not? | 
               
                 | 12) | What   do you think of dogs? | 
               
                 | 13) | Why   do many people keep dogs as pets? | 
               
                 | 14) | What   are the bad things about dogs? | 
               
                 | 15) | What   does the phrase, 'It's a dog's life' mean? Is it true? | 
               
                 | 16) | How   did humans use to hunt? | 
               
                 | 17) | Will   keeping dogs as pets change their physique? | 
               
                 | 18) | People   say dogs are a man's best friend. Why? | 
               
                 | 19) | How   will global warming change other species from now? | 
               
                 | 20) | What questions would you like to   ask the researchers? | 
             
             
               
                 | STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to   student B)  | 
               
                 | 1. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 2. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 3. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 4. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 5. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 6. | ________________________________________________________ | 
             
             ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
             
               
                 | STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to   student A) | 
               
                 | 1. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 2. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 3. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 4. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 5. | ________________________________________________________ | 
               
                 | 6. | ________________________________________________________ | 
             
             
             
             
             New research suggests that climate change helped dogs develop from (1) ____ resembling cats to the way they are today. Researchers from Brown University in the USA (2) ____ that 40 million years ago, dogs were smaller and hunted like cats. They hid, stalked and ambushed their prey. As climate change (3) ____ Earth's landscape, the physique and food-gathering habits of dogs changed. Thick forests that once covered the North American continent started to become less (4) ____ as the planet became cooler. The (5) ____ of grassland meant dogs had fewer places to hide to ambush their victims. To adapt, they (6) ____ their hunting styles and slowly grew longer legs.
             The scientists analysed how dogs have evolved by looking at the elbows and teeth of 32 different (7) ____ that lived between two million to 40 million years ago. The researchers said that the dogs' elbows, in (8) ____, were good indicators of evolutionary change. Dogs from 40 million years ago had elbows that were more similar to (9) ____ of cats. Their function was to allow the front paws to swivel so they could grab and hold (10) ____ to prey. Those elbows changed in dogs to allow them to become endurance runners and thus be able to (11) ____ their prey over long distances. Teeth in dogs also (12) ____ to be more efficient. They became more hard-wearing to be able to hold on to prey.
             Put the correct words from the table below in the above article. 
             
               
                 | 1.  | (a)  | craters  | (b)  | creatures  | (c)  | creatives  | (d)  | encroaches  | 
               
                 | 2.  | (a)  | belief  | (b)  | believe  | (c)  | believing  | (d)  | beliefs  | 
               
                 | 3.  | (a)  | transported  | (b)  | transfused  | (c)  | transferred  | (d)  | transformed  | 
               
                 | 4.  | (a)  | tense  | (b)  | dense  | (c)  | immense  | (d)  | tents  | 
               
                 | 5.  | (a)  | emergency  | (b)  | emergence  | (c)  | immersion  | (d)  | unnerving  | 
               
                 | 6.  | (a)  | evaded  | (b)  | involved  | (c)  | evolved  | (d)  | revolved  | 
               
                 | 7.  | (a)  | specials  | (b)  | specifics  | (c)  | species  | (d)  | spaces  | 
               
                 | 8.  | (a)  | peculiar  | (b)  | practicality  | (c)  | particular  | (d)  | particles  | 
               
                 | 9.  | (a)  | their  | (b)  | they  | (c)  | them  | (d)  | those  | 
               
                 | 10.  | (a)  | on  | (b)  | off  | (c)  | up  | (d)  | of  | 
               
                 | 11.  | (a)  | pursue  | (b)  | peruse  | (c)  | persuade  | (d)  | passage  | 
               
                 | 12.  | (a)  | alter  | (b)  | altering  | (c)  | altered  | (d)  | alteration  | 
             
             
             
             
             
               
                 | Paragraph 1 | 
               
                 | 1. | asceuerrt resembling cats | 
               
                 | 2. | They hid, kldetsa and ambushed their prey | 
               
                 | 3. | the huqpeiys and food-gathering habits | 
               
                 | 4. | the North American tnntiocen | 
               
                 | 5. | The reenmgeec of grassland | 
               
                 | 6. | they veelvod their hunting styles | 
               
                 | Paragraph 2
 | 
               
                 | 7. | 32 different pesisce | 
               
                 | 8. | good indicators of nrotyluaovie change | 
               
                 | 9. | allow the front paws to iselwv | 
               
                 | 10. | become aeercudnn runners | 
               
                 | 11. | uesrpu their prey over long   distances | 
               
                 | 12. | altered to be more ficieetfn | 
             
             
             
             
             Number these lines in the correct order.
             
               
                 | (    ) | dense as the   planet became cooler. The emergence of grassland meant dogs had fewer places   to hide to ambush their | 
               
                 | (    ) | cats to the way   they are today. Researchers from Brown University in the USA believe that 40 | 
               
                 | (    ) | altered to be   more efficient. They became more hard-wearing to be able to hold on to prey. | 
               
                 | (    ) | particular,   were good indicators of evolutionary change. Dogs from 40 million years ago   had elbows that were | 
               
                 | (    ) | million years   ago, dogs were smaller and hunted like cats. They hid, stalked and | 
               
                 | (    ) | habits of dogs   changed. Thick forests that once covered the North American continent started   to become less | 
               
                 | (  1    ) | New research   suggests that climate change helped dogs develop from creatures resembling | 
               
                 | (    ) | ambushed their   prey. As climate change transformed Earth's landscape, the physique and   food-gathering | 
               
                 | (    ) | The scientists   analysed how dogs have evolved by looking at the elbows and teeth of 32   different | 
               
                 | (    ) | more similar to   those of cats. Their function was to allow the front paws to swivel | 
               
                 | (    ) | species that   lived between two million to 40 million years ago. The researchers said that   the dogs' elbows, in | 
               
                 | (    ) | runners and   thus be able to pursue their prey over long distances. Teeth in dogs also | 
               
                 | (    ) | victims. To   adapt, they evolved their hunting styles and slowly grew longer legs. | 
               
                 | (    ) | so they could   grab and hold on to prey. Those elbows changed in dogs to allow them to   become endurance | 
             
             
             
             
             
               
                 | 1.  | cats     resembling   creatures   from     develop   dogs   Helped     .    | 
               
                 | 2.  | hunted  were    ago  40  like     smaller ,  million  cats     and  dogs  years    . | 
               
                 | 3.  | less   became     dense   cooler   as     the   Become   planet     .    | 
               
                 | 4.  | hide   to     ambush   their   victims     Dogs   had   fewer     places   to   .    | 
               
                 | 5.  | and   slowly     Their   grew   hunting     longer   styles   legs     .    | 
               
                 | 6.  | analysed   scientists   The     evolved   have   dogs     how   .    | 
               
                 | 7.  | different   at     and   32   Looking     elbows   of   species     the   teeth   .    | 
               
                 | 8.  | that   those     similar   were   of     to   Elbows   cats     more   .    | 
               
                 | 9.  | prey   distances     able   their   long     Be   pursue   over     to   .    | 
               
                 | 10.  | able   wearing     more   to   to     hard  They   hold     be  -  became     on   .    | 
             
        
        
        
        
      New research suggests that climate changing / change helped dogs develop from creatures resembling / resemblance cats to the way they are today. Researchers from Brown University in the USA belief / believe that 40 million years ago, dogs were smaller and hunted / haunted like cats. They hid, stalked and ambush / ambushed their prey. As climate change transformed Earth's landscape, the physic / physique and food-gathering habits of dogs changed. Thick forests that once covering / covered the North American continent started to become less tense / dense as the planet became cooler. The emergence / emergency of grassland meant dogs had fewer places to hide to ambush their victims. To adapt / adopt, they evolved their hunting styles and slowly grew / grown longer legs.
      The scientists analysed how dogs have revolved / evolved by looking at the elbows and tooth / teeth of 32 different species that lived between two million to 40 million years past / ago. The researchers said that the dogs' elbows, in particular / peculiar, were good indicators of evolutionary change / chance. Dogs from 40 million years ago had elbows that were more similarity / similar to those of cats. Their function was to allow the front paws to swivel / snivel so they could grab and hold on to pray / prey. Those elbows changed in dogs to allow them to become endurance / enduring runners and thus be able to pursue their prey over long distances. Teeth in dogs also altered to be more efficiently / efficient. They became more hard-wearing to be able to hold on to prey.
      Talk about the connection between each pair of words in italics, and why the correct word is correct.
      
      N_w r_s__rch s_gg_sts th_t cl_m_t_ ch_ng_ h_lp_d d_gs d_v_l_p fr_m cr__t_r_s r_s_mbl_ng c_ts t_ th_ w_y th_y _r_ t_d_y. R_s__rch_rs fr_m Br_wn _n_v_rs_ty _n th_ _S_ b_l__v_ th_t 40 m_ll__n y__rs _g_, d_gs w_r_ sm_ll_r _nd h_nt_d l_k_ c_ts. Th_y h_d, st_lk_d _nd _mb_sh_d th__r pr_y. _s cl_m_t_ ch_ng_ tr_nsf_rm_d __rth's l_ndsc_p_, th_ phys_q__ _nd f__d-g_th_r_ng h_b_ts _f d_gs ch_ng_d. Th_ck f_r_sts th_t _nc_ c_v_r_d th_ N_rth _m_r_c_n c_nt_n_nt st_rt_d t_ b_c_m_ l_ss d_ns_ _s th_ pl_n_t b_c_m_ c__l_r. Th_ _m_rg_nc_ _f gr_ssl_nd m__nt d_gs h_d f_w_r pl_c_s t_ h_d_ t_ _mb_sh th__r v_ct_ms. T_ _d_pt, th_y _v_lv_d th__r h_nt_ng styl_s _nd sl_wly gr_w l_ng_r l_gs.
      Th_ sc__nt_sts _n_lys_d h_w d_gs h_v_ _v_lv_d by l__k_ng _t th_ _lb_ws _nd t__th _f 32 d_ff_r_nt sp_c__s th_t l_v_d b_tw__n tw_ m_ll__n t_ 40 m_ll__n y__rs _g_. Th_ r_s__rch_rs s__d th_t th_ d_gs' _lb_ws, _n p_rt_c_l_r, w_r_ g__d _nd_c_t_rs _f _v_l_t__n_ry ch_ng_. D_gs fr_m 40 m_ll__n y__rs _g_ h_d _lb_ws th_t w_r_ m_r_ s_m_l_r t_ th_s_ _f c_ts. Th__r f_nct__n w_s t_ _ll_w th_ fr_nt p_ws t_ sw_v_l s_ th_y c__ld gr_b _nd h_ld _n t_ pr_y. Th_s_ _lb_ws ch_ng_d _n d_gs t_ _ll_w th_m t_ b_c_m_ _nd_r_nc_ r_nn_rs _nd th_s b_ _bl_ t_ p_rs__ th__r pr_y _v_r l_ng d_st_nc_s. T__th _n d_gs _ls_ _lt_r_d t_ b_ m_r_ _ff_c__nt. Th_y b_c_m_ m_r_ h_rd-w__r_ng t_ b_ _bl_ t_ h_ld _n t_ pr_y.
      
      
      
      new research suggests that climate change helped dogs develop from creatures resembling cats to the way they are today researchers from brown university in the usa believe that 40 million years ago dogs were smaller and hunted like cats they hid stalked and ambushed their prey as climate change transformed earth's landscape the physique and food-gathering habits of dogs changed thick forests that once covered the north american continent started to become less dense as the planet became cooler the emergence of grassland meant dogs had fewer places to hide to ambush their victims to adapt they evolved their hunting styles and slowly grew longer legs
      the scientists analysed how dogs have evolved by looking at the elbows and teeth of 32 different species that lived between two million to 40 million years ago the researchers said that the dogs' elbows in particular were good indicators of evolutionary change dogs from 40 million years ago had elbows that were more similar to those of cats their function was to allow the front paws to swivel so they could grab and hold on to prey those elbows changed in dogs to allow them to become endurance runners and thus be able to pursue their prey over long distances teeth in dogs also altered to be more efficient they became more hard-wearing to be able to hold on to prey
      
      
      
      Newresearchsuggeststhatclimatechangehelpeddogsdevelopfromcr
        eaturesresemblingcatstothewaytheyaretoday.ResearchersfromBro
        wnUniversityintheUSAbelievethat40millionyearsago,dogsweresmal
        lerandhuntedlikecats.Theyhid,stalkedandambushedtheirprey.Ascli
        matechangetransformedEarth'slandscape,thephysiqueandfood-
        gatheringhabitsofdogschanged.ThickforeststhatoncecoveredtheNo
        rthAmericancontinentstartedtobecomelessdenseastheplanetbecam
        ecooler.Theemergenceofgrasslandmeantdogshadfewerplacestohid
        etoambushtheirvictims.Toadapt,theyevolvedtheirhuntingstylesand
        slowlygrewlongerlegs.Thescientistsanalysedhowdogshaveevolvedb
        ylookingattheelbowsandteethof32differentspeciesthatlivedbetwee
        ntwomillionto40millionyearsago.Theresearcherssaidthatthedogs'el
        bows,inparticular,weregoodindicatorsofevolutionarychange.Dogsfr
        om40millionyearsagohadelbowsthatweremoresimilartothoseofcats
        .Theirfunctionwastoallowthefrontpawstoswivelsotheycouldgraband
        holdontoprey.Thoseelbowschangedindogstoallowthemtobecomeen
        durancerunnersandthusbeabletopursuetheirpreyoverlongdistances
        .Teethindogsalsoalteredtobemoreefficient.Theybecamemorehard-
        wearingtobeabletoholdontoprey.
      
      
      
      Write about dogs for 10 minutes. Comment on your partner’s paper.
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      Cats are better than dogs. Discuss.
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      1. VOCABULARY EXTENSION: Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations of each word.
      2. INTERNET: Search the Internet and find out more about dogs. Share what you discover with your partner(s) in the next lesson.
      3. DOGS: Make a poster about dogs. Show your work to your classmates in the next lesson. Did you all have similar things? 
      4. CATS AND DOGS: Write a magazine article about dogs. Include imaginary interviews with people who think they are better than cats, and with those who don't.
      Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Write down any new words and expressions you hear from your partner(s).
      5. WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? Write a newspaper article about the next stage in this news story. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson. Give each other feedback on your articles.
      6. LETTER: Write a letter to an expert on dogs. Ask him/her three questions about dogs. Give him/her three of your opinions on the differences between cats and dogs. Read your letter to your partner(s) in your next lesson. Your partner(s) will answer your questions.
Ask your students what they have read, seen or heard about this news in their own language. Students are likely to / may have have encountered this news in their L1 and therefore bring a background knowledge to the classroom.
Get students to role play different characters from this news story.
Ask students to keep track of this news and revisit it to discuss in your next class.
Ask students to male predictions of how this news might develop in the next few days or weeks, and then revisit and discuss in a future class.
Ask students to write a follow-up story to this news.
Students role play a journalist and someone who witnessed or was a part of this news. Perhaps they could make a video of the interview.
Ask students to keep a news journal in English and add this story to their thoughts.
Also...
Buy my 1,000 Ideas and Activities for Language Teachers eBook. It has hundreds of ideas, activity templates, reproducible activities for:
            
              - News
- Warm ups
- Pre-reading / Post-reading
- Using headlines
- Working with words
- While-reading / While-listening
- Moving from text to speech
- Post-reading / Post-listening
- Discussions
- Using opinions
- Plans
- Language
- Using lists
- Using quotes
- Task-based activities
- Role plays
- Using the central characters in the article
- Using themes from the news
- Homework
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      TRUE / FALSE (p.4)
      
        
          | a | T | b | T | c | F | d | T | e | F | f | T | g | F | h | F | 
      
      SYNONYM MATCH (p.4)
      
        
          | 1. | suggests | a. | indicates | 
        
          | 2 | develop | b. | evolve  | 
        
          | 3. | ambushed | c. | lay in   wait for  | 
        
          | 4. | dense | d. | thick  | 
        
          | 5. | emergence | e. | arrival  | 
        
          | 6. | analysed | f. | examined  | 
        
          | 7. | in particular | g. | especially  | 
        
          | 8. | function | h. | purpose  | 
        
          | 9. | swivel | i. | rotate  | 
        
          | 10. | altered | j. | changed  | 
      
      COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS (p.8)
      
        
          | 1. | Climate   change | 
        
          | 2. | 40   million years ago | 
        
          | 3. | Food-gathering   habits | 
        
          | 4. | Forests | 
        
          | 5. | Longer   legs | 
        
          | 6. | 32 | 
        
          | 7. | Evolutionary   change | 
        
          | 8. | Swivel | 
        
          | 9. | Run | 
        
          | 10. | Their   teeth | 
      
      MULTIPLE CHOICE - QUIZ (p.9)
      
        
          | 1. | b | 2. | c | 3. | d | 4. | b | 5. | a | 6. | a | 7. | d | 8. | c | 9. | d | 10. | b | 
      
      ALL OTHER EXERCISES
      Please check for yourself by looking at the Article on page 2.
        (It's good for your English ;-)