Now do this put-the-text-back-together activity.
This is the text (if you need help).
Many people believe that putting the toilet-seat lid down helps to prevent the spread of dangerous germs and viruses. A recent study pretty much dispels this supposition. A team of microbiologists from the University of Arizona conducted research on the aerial activity of viral particles after a toilet is flushed. The scientists determined that there is little difference in the spread of germs, regardless of whether the lid is up or down. Microbiologist Dr Charles Gerba has been studying lavatory pathogens for nearly five decades. He said: "All that air when you flush goes somewhere, and it carries the viruses that are in the toilet bowl out of it." He said a flush forces bacteria out from under the lid and contaminates nearby areas.
The researchers tested the spread of a test virus in two bathrooms after a flush. The virus was one not able to infect humans. They flushed one bowl with the lid up, and another with the lid down. After a minute, they used a sponge to swab the surfaces in the toilet. They concluded that there were no significant statistical differences in the quantities of the virus in the two bathrooms. They added that the results "demonstrate that closing the toilet lid prior to flushing does not mitigate the risk of contaminating bathroom surfaces, and that disinfection of all restroom surfaces may be necessary after flushing or after toilet-brush use" to cut the spread of germs. They also said it was important to disinfect the water in the bowl.
- When did a study dispel a supposition about toilet seats?
- Where was this research conducted?
- What kind of activity did scientists research regarding viral particles?
- What has Dr Charles Gerba studied for half a century?
- What did a microbiologist say was contaminated after a toilet flush?
- How many bathrooms did researchers use in their research?
- What did researchers use to swab surfaces in toilets?
- What statistical differences did the researchers find?
- What might we need to disinfect after using it?
- What did the researchers say it was important to disinfect?
Back to the toilet-seat lids lesson.
